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A bidding box is a device used for bidding in bridge, usually in duplicate bridge competitions. Made in various configurations and sizes, it is typically a plastic, wooden, or cardboard box with two holding slots, each containing a set of bidding cards. One holder contains 35 cards with symbols of bids (5 denominations—clubs (), diamonds (), hearts (), spades (), and notrump (NT)—in seven levels of bidding, numbered 1-7). The 35 bid cards are cut with tabs (as in a rolodex) and arranged in a staggered fashion so that any desired bid can be easily removed and placed on the table. In the other holder are stored a supply of Pass cards (usually 6-10 cards, commonly colored green), a few Double (red, usually marked X) and Redouble (blue, XX) cards, an Alert card (light or dark blue), a Stop card (red), and, optionally, a Tournament Director card (orange). There is one bidding box for each of the four players, usually placed at the corner of the table to the player's right; in duplicate tournaments, boxes remain stationary on the tables. Usage of bidding boxes has several advantages over oral bidding: ==History== The auction proceeds with each player making a ''call'' (a bid, pass, double, or redouble) at their turn to bid, until it is concluded by a sequence of three consecutive passes. With the transition from auction bridge to modern contract bridge, the bidding has become more complex, and conventional auctions often last through several rounds of bidding. Such long auctions are hard to memorize and review. In addition, oral bidding causes noise in tournament halls, and auctions can be easily overheard at the other tables. Bidding boxes were invented in 1962 in Sweden by Gösta Nordenson〔(Invention of the bidding box )〕 and first used at a World Bridge Championships game in Stockholm in 1970. Eric Jannersten, a Swedish social bridge player and founder of the largest European bridge equipment manufacturer, Jannersten Förlag AB bought the patent in 1970〔 being attributed by some as the inventor.〔, Issue 405, page 6, article written by Alan Truscott.〕 However, the patent is disputed by the Swedish Bridge Federation.〔, Issue 409, page 21.〕 They quickly became popular in Europe, and after some resistance were accepted in American bridge clubs.〔(Slip of the Thumb with a Happy Ending ), Alan Truscott, New York Times, May 3, 1987〕 As of 2006, they are practically an indispensable part of the game, and even many rubber bridge players use them at home. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bidding box」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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